Optical interconnects refer to the use of optical technology to transmit data between electronic components or systems, in contrast to traditional electrical interconnects. Optical interconnects offer advantages such as high bandwidth, low latency, lower power consumption, and immunity to electromagnetic interference. Research in this area focuses on developing new technologies and techniques to improve the performance, reliability, and integration of optical interconnects in various applications, such as data centers, telecommunications networks, and high-performance computing systems. This includes exploring new materials, devices, and architectures for optical communication, as well as addressing challenges such as cost, scalability, and compatibility with existing infrastructure.